Physique
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Item Professions in Science and Technology 2(University of Sciences and Technology of Oran, 2025-10-07) GHALEB, FatihaThis course booklet related to Professions in Science and Technology (PST2) is structured into seven chapters. Its primary objective is, first and foremost, to provide first-year students in science and technology with a comprehensive overview of the various fields available within this domain. Subsequently, it highlights the different careers accessible in this sector. In parallel, this course also addresses contemporary challenges associated with sustainable development as well as the emerging professions that result from it. Many students in the common core of science and technology (ST) are not familiar with the meaning of this field or the careers related to it. Why pursue the study of this subject? The simplest answer lies in the fact that this module fulfills several fundamental objectives. Firstly, it provides students with the opportunity to explore the different specialties available in the science and technology sector, as well as the roles and responsibilities associated with each profession. Furthermore, this course plays a crucial role in developing essential skills, both technical and non-technical, such as problem-solving, critical thinking, and teamwork. It also prepares students to enter the job market by informing them about employer expectations, industry trends, and job opportunities. In addition, students are encouraged to innovate and design projects that could have a positive impact on society. The course also addresses contemporary issues, including sustainable development, technological ethics, and the social responsibility of professionals working in the fields of science and technology. Finally, this course serves as a professional orientation tool, helping students better understand their interests and make informed choices for their future. In summary, this module dedicated to careers in science and technology not only prepares students for specific professions but also provides them with a broader perspective on the impact of these jobs on our society and environment. This teaching is part of the second semester (S2) at the Faculty of Physics, within the Department of Basic Physics Education, and is aimed at first-year students in the Bachelor’s program in science and technology (ST). It allows for a deeper exploration of certain fundamental concepts already covered in previous courses. These texts have been developed with the aim of training students according to the LMD system. Any comments, suggestions, or constructive criticism aimed at improving and enriching this course booklet will be received with enthusiasmItem Professions in Science and Technology 1(University of Sciences and Technology of Oran, 2025-10-07) GHALEB, FatihaThis course booklet on careers in science and technology consists of several chapters. Its primary goal is, first, to introduce students to the various fields covered by the domain of science and technology. Next, it presents a variety of careers accessible through these fields. At the same time, this course also addresses the new challenges related to sustainable development and the emerging professions that arise from it. Many students in the common core of Science and Technology (ST) are not familiar with the meaning of this domain or the careers associated with it. Why do we study this subject? The simplest answer is that this module has several important objectives. First and foremost, it allows students to discover the different careers available in these ST fields, as well as the roles and responsibilities associated with each profession. Additionally, this course helps develop essential skills, both technical and non technical, such as problem solving, critical thinking, and teamwork. It also prepares students to enter the job market by informing them about employer expectations, industry trends, and job opportunities. Furthermore, students are encouraged to innovate and think about projects that could have a positive impact on society. The course also addresses contemporary issues such as sustainable development, technological ethics, and the social responsibility of professionals in the sciences and technology. Finally, it serves as a tool for career guidance, helping students better understand their interests and make informed choices for their future. In summary, this course on careers in science and technology prepares students not only for specific careers but also offers them a broader perspective on the impact of these professions on our society and environment. This teaching takes place during the first semester (S1) at the Faculty of Physics, in the Department of Basic Physics Education, and is intended for first year undergraduate students in the field of Science and Technology (ST). It allows for a deeper exploration of certain foundational concepts already presented in class sessions. These texts have been developed for the training of LMD students. Any comments, suggestions, or constructive critiques aimed at improving and enhancing this booklet will be welcomed with great pleasureItem PLASMA(University of sciences and technology in Oran, 2023-05-28) GHALEB, FatihaLe mot Plasma vient du grec qui signifié «substance gelée», Le plasma a été découvert pour la première fois et décrit par le chimiste et physicien britannique Sir William Crookes, dans un tube appelé le tube de Crookes, par la suite identifiée par le physicien britannique Sir J.J. Thomson dans sa conférence du soir à la Royal Institution le vendredi 30 avril 1897. Le premier qui a utilisé le terme Plasma pour la première fois pour décrire un gaz ionisé en 1927 c’est Le chimiste américain Irving Langmuir, lauréat du prix Nobel (en 1932). En physique et en chimie, un plasma est l'un des quatre principaux états de la matière. Le plasma est généralement un gaz ionisé, mais il est généralement considéré comme un état de matière distinct contrairement aux gaz en raison de ses propriétés uniques. "Ionisé" signifie qu'au moins un électron est plus libre de se déplacer et n'est pas lié à un atome ou une molécule.