http://dspace.univ-usto.dz/handle/123456789/19 2026-04-20T12:12:43Z 2026-04-20T12:12:43Z Harir, Mohammed http://dspace.univ-usto.dz/handle/123456789/739 2026-04-14T08:32:31Z 2026-04-14T00:00:00Z

Titre: General Microbiology Auteur(s): Harir, Mohammed Résumé: Generally microbes can be divided into two categories: the cellular microbes (or organisms) and the acellular microbes (or agents). In the cellular camp we have the bacteria, the archaea, the fungi, and the protists (a bit of a grab bag composed of algae, protozoa, slime molds, and water molds). Cellular microbes can be either unicellular, where one cell is the entire organism, or multicellular, where hundreds, thousands or even billions of cells can make up the entire organism. In the acellular camp we have the viruses and other infectious agents, such as prions and viroids. In this textbook the focus will be on the bacteria and archaea (traditionally known as the “prokaryotes,”) and the viruses The scale of the “invisible world’; There are a thousand millimetres in a metre. There are a thousand microns (micrometres) in a millimetre, an E. coli bacterium is about a micron long – so a million of them lined up form a line a metre long, a cell of bakers yeast (a fungus) is about 10-15 microns in diameter. Some microscopic pond life is invisible to the naked eye, some are “just” visible. Viruses are very tiny, only a fraction of a micron (say 20 - 100 nanometres - billionths of a metre). Bacteria, fungi, and protozoa can be seen in a light microscope, but except for the larger protozoans, not with much internal detail. Viruses cannot be seen using a light microscope. Viruses can easily be seen using a transmission electron microscope, extensive details of cells can be analysed with an electron microscope. The “Branches” of microbiology; Bacteriologists - study bacteria, there are medical, agricultural, biotechnological Specializations. Mycologists - study fungi, there are medical, agricultural, biotechnological Specializations. Protozoologists, study small “animal - like” single celled organisms such as amoeba, and various disease causing parasites. Phycologists study algae. The study of lichens can also be regarded as a sub discipline of microbiology Parasitologists- a term generally used to describe those who study small animals as agents of disease (like some microscopic worms for instance) but also used to describe those who study protozoan pathogens. Immunology is often taught and researched in microbiology faculties

2026-04-14T00:00:00Z Dib, Wafaa http://dspace.univ-usto.dz/handle/123456789/738 2026-04-09T09:59:50Z 2026-04-09T00:00:00Z

Titre: Hygiene and Safety in the Laboratory Auteur(s): Dib, Wafaa Résumé: In the context of scientific research and technological development, laboratories are indispensable environments for experimentation, innovation, and applied learning. However, the laboratory setting is also a high-risk area, particularly when handling chemical, biological, or radiological agents. For students specializing in Plant Biotechnology and Genomics, a strong foundation in laboratory hygiene and safety is essential, not only for personal protection but also for ensuring the validity and reproducibility of experimental results. This course, “Hygiene and Safety in the Laboratory”, is intended for third-year undergraduate students specializing in Plant Biotechnology and Genomics. It is specifically designed to equip students with the essential knowledge and skills required to work safely and responsibly in research and diagnostic laboratories. The course emphasizes the principles of biosafety, chemical safety, radiation protection, and emergency response, all within the framework of plant biotechnology and molecular biology practices. The first chapter introduces general safety and hygiene rules, including the identification of potential hazards, the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and the adoption of behaviors that minimize exposure to dangerous agents. Students will learn how to assess risk in experimental procedures and maintain a clean and organized workspace to prevent contamination. The second chapter focuses on chemical risks, a central concern in molecular biology and biotechnology laboratories. This section covers the classification of chemicals, their physical and toxicological properties, and their effects on health and the environment. Students will also learn proper techniques for the storage, handling, labeling, and disposal of chemical products, in accordance with international safety standards. The third chapter addresses good laboratory practices (GLP), which are essential for maintaining a clean and safe working environment. Topics include bench-top safety, risk assessment procedures, proper maintenance, cleaning, disinfection, and decontamination of equipment. This chapter also introduces the fundamentals of radiation protection, covering both ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, in accordance with national (Algerian) and international standards. In addition, it presents laser safety protocols, highlighting the risks associated with optical radiation and the protective measures required, especially relevant in molecular visualization and analytical techniques used in plant genomics. The final chapter addresses the management of accidental and emergency situations, including fire risks, chemical spills, and evacuation procedures. Students will explore practical methods for risk mitigation and emergency preparedness, with simulations of real-world laboratory incidents. By the end of the course, students will be able to integrate hygiene and safety principles into their daily laboratory work, conduct risk assessments, respond appropriately to incidents, and contribute to a safe and compliant research environment. These competencies are not only essential for academic success but also form the basis for professional practice in biotechnology and genomics research.

2026-04-09T00:00:00Z KALBAZA, Khadidja http://dspace.univ-usto.dz/handle/123456789/736 2026-03-10T08:23:48Z 2026-03-10T00:00:00Z

Titre: Microbiologie industrielle Auteur(s): KALBAZA, Khadidja Résumé: Ce cours présente d’abord les principales applications de la microbiologie industrielle, ainsi que les micro-organismes d’intérêt industriel et les milieux de culture nécessaires à leur croissance et à leur production. Il aborde également les procédés de fermentation industrielle, en décrivant la conception et le fonctionnement des fermenteurs, ainsi que les paramètres permettant de contrôler et d’optimiser les fermentations. Enfin, le cours traite de la production de biomasse et de métabolites microbiens, en mettant en évidence les techniques utilisées pour améliorer les rendements et valoriser différentes sources de substrats, notamment les sous-produits agricoles et industriels. L’ensemble de ces notions permet de comprendre le rôle essentiel des micro-organismes dans le développement des biotechnologies et des procédés industriels modernes.

2026-03-10T00:00:00Z MAHBOUBI, Abdassamad http://dspace.univ-usto.dz/handle/123456789/735 2026-03-09T11:29:15Z 2026-03-09T00:00:00Z

Titre: Practical Guide in Geology Auteur(s): MAHBOUBI, Abdassamad Résumé: Geology is a fundamental science that operates across multiple scales, from crystal structures to large-scale tectonic plate movements. It provides essential insights into the origin of life, the evolution of ecosystems, and the environmental conditions that shaped biodiversity through time. Geological knowledge helps biologists understand species dispersal, soil formation, and past climate changes through the study of sediments, fossils, and ice cores. Geology also plays a key role in identifying natural and anthropogenic pollution sources. This book presents eight thematic tutorials designed mainly for biology students, covering mineralogy, rock types, topography, and geological mapping, providing essential tools for understanding Earth processes and their ecological implications

2026-03-09T00:00:00Z